Perfectionism and rigidity are often described as simply part of someone's character. Research into Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) suggests there is more going on underneath. In 2022, Marincowitz and colleagues published the first systematic review bringing together the neurobiological evidence on OCPD.
The review found consistent evidence of impaired cognitive flexibility in people with OCPD: difficulty adjusting mental approach when circumstances or plans change. These difficulties were also reflected in executive function differences measured through neuropsychological testing, not only through self-reported traits. Brain imaging studies pointed to involvement of several regions, including the precuneus and the amygdala. This is a notable finding, because it suggests OCPD may involve somewhat different brain circuitry to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, despite the two conditions being frequently confused due to their similar names.
The authors were careful to note the limits of the current evidence. They concluded that the available data is not yet sufficient to form a complete picture of the neurobiology underlying OCPD, and called for further research in this area.
For many people, understanding that traits like rigidity and perfectionism have a basis in brain function, rather than reflecting a simple lack of willpower, can bring a genuine sense of relief. Patterns that have developed over time can also be worked with. If perfectionism or rigid thinking is affecting your life or relationships, speaking with a psychologist or your GP is a reasonable first step.